GABA metabolism

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, meaning it helps calm neural activity. Its metabolism involves converting glutamate—a common excitatory amino acid—into GABA through an enzyme called glutamate decarboxylase. Once GABA has its effect, it is broken down by enzymes into smaller compounds, such as succinic semialdehyde, which then enter the energy production pathway in cells. This process helps regulate brain activity, preventing excessive excitation and maintaining balance for proper nervous system function. Dysregulation of GABA metabolism is linked to conditions like anxiety, epilepsy, and sleep disorders.