G. ‘t Hooft

Gerard 't Hooft is a Dutch theoretical physicist known for his work in fundamental physics. He helped develop the Standard Model, which describes how particles and forces (except gravity) interact. 't Hooft's key insight was proving that certain complex calculations in quantum field theory are mathematically consistent and "renormalizable." This breakthrough made the theory more reliable and led to a deeper understanding of particle interactions. His work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1999. In essence, 't Hooft's contributions helped clarify the mathematical foundations of the particles and forces that make up our universe.