G-protein Signaling Pathway

The G-protein signaling pathway is a way cells communicate and respond to signals like hormones or light. When a signaling molecule binds to a receptor on the cell surface, it activates a nearby G-protein by causing it to exchange GDP for GTP. This activation triggers other proteins inside the cell to perform specific functions, such as producing second messengers that amplify the signal. This process helps cells coordinate responses like metabolism, growth, or movement. Afterward, the G-protein is deactivated by removing the GTP, ready to respond to new signals.