Fusion and fission mechanisms

Nuclear fusion occurs when two small atomic nuclei, like hydrogen atoms, combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy—similar to how the Sun produces energy. Nuclear fission involves splitting a heavy nucleus, like uranium, into smaller nuclei, also releasing energy. Fusion is the process powering stars and has the potential for clean energy, but it is difficult to achieve on Earth. Fission is used in nuclear power plants because it’s easier to control, though it produces radioactive waste. Both processes convert mass into energy, as described by Einstein’s equation, E=mc².