Fundamental thermodynamics

Fundamental thermodynamics studies how energy moves and transforms within physical systems. It explores concepts like heat, work, temperature, and energy conservation, revealing how energy flows from hotter to cooler objects and how it can be converted into work or lost as heat. These principles underlie engines, refrigerators, and even biological processes, providing a framework to understand the efficiency and limits of energy use. Essentially, thermodynamics explains the rules governing energy interactions in the universe, helping us improve technologies and understand natural phenomena.