Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals

The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals, by Immanuel Kant, emphasize that moral actions are guided by universal principles rooted in reason. Central to this is the idea that individuals should act according to maxims they can will to become universal laws, respecting others as ends in themselves rather than means. Morality, therefore, is based on duty and rational consistency, not consequences or personal feelings. In essence, Kant advocates that moral worth arises from acting out of duty guided by rational, universal principles, ensuring respect for human dignity and moral law.