Functions and Relations

Functions and relations are ways to describe connections between sets of items. A relation pairs elements from one set with elements from another, like countries and their capitals. A function is a special kind of relation where each item in the first set (input) is paired with exactly one item in the second set (output), ensuring a unique result for each input. Think of it like a vending machine: you press a button (input), and it gives you a specific snack (output). Both concepts help us understand and represent how data or elements are connected in organized systems.