Functionalization

Functionalization is the process of adding specific chemical groups to a material or molecule to change its properties or add new functions. For example, in materials science, scientists modify surfaces or structures to improve adhesion, reactivity, or compatibility with other substances. This process allows materials to perform desired roles more effectively, such as making a surface more hydrophobic (water-repelling) or enhancing its ability to bind with other chemicals. Essentially, functionalization tailors materials at the molecular level to meet particular needs or improve performance for various applications.