FSM (Finite State Machine)

A Finite State Machine (FSM) is a model used to describe systems that change behavior based on inputs. Imagine it as a box with a set of conditions or "states" (like different modes), and rules for switching between these states depending on what input it receives. For example, a vending machine transitions from waiting to dispensing when money is inserted. FSMs are used in various fields—computers, robotics, and digital design—to accurately predict and control how systems respond over time, ensuring predictable behavior through well-defined states and transitions.