Fresnel integrals

Fresnel integrals are mathematical functions that describe how light waves bend and interfere when passing through small or curved openings or surfaces. They are essential in optics for understanding diffraction patterns—how light spreads and creates bright and dark areas. These integrals help predict the behavior of waves in scenarios where traditional straight-line models don't suffice, such as around edges or through narrow slits. Overall, Fresnel integrals provide a precise way to analyze wave phenomena in systems where light's wave nature plays a critical role, bridging the gap between simple wave models and complex diffraction effects.