Freeze-Thaw Cycle

The freeze-thaw cycle refers to the process where water in the ground or in materials repeatedly freezes and melts due to temperature fluctuations. When water freezes, it expands, creating pressure that can cause cracks and breaking of rocks, concrete, or soil. When it thaws, the material stabilizes temporarily. Over time, these repeated cycles weaken structures and surfaces, leading to deterioration like cracks and potholes. This natural process is significant in weathering and shaping landscapes, as well as in infrastructure maintenance.