Frederick II (of Hohenstaufen) law codes

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen issued the "Constitutions of Melfi" in 1231, a comprehensive legal code for Sicily and southern Italy. It unified and clarified existing laws, covering areas like criminal justice, civil disputes, and administrative procedures. The code aimed to centralize royal authority, ensure fair treatment, and reduce local legal inconsistencies. It was notable for its emphasis on written law, standardizing practices, and promoting royal sovereignty. Frederick’s laws served as an early attempt at a modern legal system, influencing subsequent European legal traditions by balancing royal power with individual rights.