Francesco de Vitoria (Philosopher and Theologian)

Francesco de Vitoria (1483–1546) was a Spanish philosopher and theologian who greatly influenced ideas about international law and ethics. He emphasized the importance of natural law—moral principles that apply to all humans—and argued that nations should respect each other's sovereignty and rights. Vitoria promoted the idea that states have responsibilities toward their populations and others, advocating for justice and fair treatment. His work helped shape modern concepts of international relations, emphasizing dialogue and justice over conquest or violence. Overall, he contributed to understanding how nations can coexist peacefully within a framework of moral law.