Fragility theory

Fragility theory explains how some systems or structures are vulnerable to disruptions or shocks, where minor disturbances can cause disproportionate and often damaging effects. In essence, fragile systems lack resilience; small issues can escalate into major failures because they are not equipped to absorb or adapt to stress. Understanding fragility helps identify areas that need strengthening to prevent catastrophic outcomes, emphasizing the importance of robustness, flexibility, and preparedness in managing risks and maintaining stability in various interconnected systems like economies, ecosystems, or infrastructures.