Fourth Turning

The Fourth Turning is a theory suggesting that history follows recurring cycles of societal change, roughly every 80-100 years, driven by collective crises. These periods, called "turnings," include times of upheaval that reset values and institutions. The Fourth Turning is the final crisis phase, marked by major challenges, upheaval, and transformation, leading to a new societal order. It reflects a cycle of renewal after periods of stability, with each turning shaping how communities and institutions respond to shared problems. This concept helps explain recurring patterns of societal upheaval and renewal across history.