Fourier analysis (music)

Fourier analysis in music involves breaking down complex sounds into simpler components called sine waves, each with specific frequencies, amplitudes, and phases. This process reveals the individual pitches and timbres that make up a sound wave, much like identifying different ingredients in a mixture. It helps musicians, engineers, and scientists understand and manipulate sound—such as tuning instruments, improving audio quality, or analyzing musical recordings—by examining the fundamental building blocks that create the rich, layered sound we perceive.