foundations of probability

The foundations of probability are principles that define how likely different events are to happen. They involve understanding that probability measures the chance of an event occurring, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). These principles include assigning probabilities logically based on available information, ensuring consistency (e.g., the probabilities of all possible outcomes sum to 1), and using rules like addition (for mutually exclusive events) and multiplication (for independent events). Overall, probability provides a structured way to measure and reason about uncertainty in diverse situations.