foundation of quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that describes how particles like atoms and electrons behave at very small scales. Unlike everyday objects, these particles exhibit wave-like properties, exist in multiple states simultaneously (superposition), and their behavior is governed by probabilities. Key principles include quantization (discrete energy levels), uncertainty (can't know both position and momentum exactly), and entanglement (particles linked across distances). It provides the framework for understanding much of modern technology, such as semiconductors and quantum computers, revealing that reality at tiny scales follows rules quite different from our everyday experience but consistent within a precise mathematical structure.