Fortifications theory

Fortifications theory examines how the construction and strategic use of defenses—such as walls, forts, and other barriers—shape military tactics and influence the outcome of conflicts. It considers how the design and placement of fortified positions can deter attack, protect resources, and give defenders advantages. The theory emphasizes that effective fortifications can change the dynamics of warfare by forcing attackers into costly, less advantageous strategies, and by enabling defenders to hold territory with fewer troops. Overall, it highlights the importance of geography, engineering, and strategic planning in enhancing a state's security and military effectiveness.