Formation damage

Formation damage refers to the loss of natural permeability in a subterranean rock formation that holds oil, gas, or water, which can hinder the flow of these fluids into a well. This damage can occur during drilling, well completion, or production due to contamination by drilling fluids, fine particles, or chemical reactions. Essentially, it creates blockages or reduces the pathways through which fluids move, decreasing the well’s productivity and efficiency. Managing formation damage is important to maintain optimal extraction and prolong the well's productive life.