Formal Epistemology

Formal epistemology is a branch of philosophy that uses mathematical and logical tools to study knowledge, belief, and reasoning. It examines how people acquire, justify, and revise their beliefs, often focusing on concepts like probability, certainty, and evidence. Epistemic logic, a part of this field, explores how knowledge and belief can be represented and reasoned about formally, allowing for clearer analysis of issues like what one knows, what others believe, or how these beliefs might change over time. This approach provides a systematic framework for understanding complex ideas about knowledge and belief.