FOL (First-Order Logic)

First-Order Logic (FOL) is a formal system used to represent and reason about facts and relationships in the world. It uses symbols to denote objects, properties, and relationships, along with quantifiers like "all" (for every) and "some" (there exists). FOL allows us to express complex statements and determine whether they are true or false within a given context. It is foundational for fields like mathematics, computer science, and artificial intelligence, providing a rigorous way to formalize knowledge, reason logically, and develop algorithms that can understand and manipulate information systematically.