flux measurements

Flux measurements describe the rate at which a quantity, such as energy, particles, or radiation, passes through a specific area over a certain time. For example, in astronomy, light flux measures how much light from a star reaches a telescope per unit area each second. In environmental science, flux might refer to how much carbon dioxide moves from the atmosphere into the ocean. These measurements help scientists understand processes like energy transfer, material flow, or environmental changes, providing a standardized way to compare how much of something is passing through a surface in a given time.