Fireball model

The Fireball model is a theory explaining how gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)—extremely energetic cosmic explosions—produce intense radiation. It suggests that when two massive objects, like neutron stars or black holes, collide or merge, they create a highly energetic, rapidly expanding fireball of particles and radiation. As this fireball moves outward at near-light speed, it interacts with surrounding material, producing shock waves that emit gamma rays. This model helps scientists understand the timing, intensity, and spectra of GRBs, indicating these bursts are the result of violent, high-energy astronomical events involving ultrarelativistic jets.