Finite state machines

A finite state machine (FSM) is a model used to represent systems that can be in a limited number of states at any given time, changing between them based on inputs or events. Think of it like a simple decision-making process: it starts in one state, and when it receives a specific input, it transitions to another state according to predefined rules. FSMs are used in electronics, software, and control systems to manage sequences, recognize patterns, or control behavior in a predictable way. They are efficient tools for modeling processes that involve a series of distinct steps or modes.