Finite-state machine (FSM)

A finite-state machine (FSM) is a conceptual model used to design and describe systems that have a limited number of conditions or modes, called states. It transitions between these states based on inputs or events, following predefined rules. Think of it like a simple decision process: depending on the current situation and incoming signals, it moves to another condition or state. FSMs are widely used in software, hardware, and control systems to model processes such as user interfaces, communication protocols, and digital circuits, providing a structured way to understand and design complex behaviors.