finite-state automata

Finite-state automata (FSA) are mathematical models used to recognize patterns or process sequences of symbols, such as strings of text or numbers. Imagine them as simple machines with a limited number of "states" or modes. They read input symbols one at a time, transitioning between states according to predefined rules. If, after processing the entire input, they end in an accepting state, the input is considered accepted or recognized. FSAs are fundamental in designing compilers, text processors, and communication protocols, providing a structured way to understand and implement pattern recognition and decision-making processes.