fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

Fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, refers to tiny airborne particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller. These particles are so small that they can be inhaled and penetrate deep into the lungs, potentially causing health issues like respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. PM2.5 comes from various sources, including vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and natural events like wildfires. Because of their size and composition, they can carry toxic substances into the human body, making air quality monitoring and pollution control essential for public health and environmental safety.