Filesystems (e.g., NTFS, ext4)

Filesystems are organizational systems that manage how data is stored and retrieved on storage devices like hard drives or SSDs. They determine how files are named, stored, and located within the device. Examples include NTFS (common in Windows) and ext4 (popular in Linux). Filesystems keep track of where each file’s data is on the disk, manage space allocation, and ensure data integrity. Think of it as a digital filing system that helps your computer find and organize your files efficiently and reliably.