Fifth Crusade

The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) was an attempt by Western European Christians to regain control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. It aimed to leverage Egypt, a strategic center of Muslim power, as a foothold. Crusaders launched attacks on Egyptian cities, notably Cairo, but faced military setbacks, internal disagreements, and difficulties in sustaining the campaign. Ultimately, they failed to achieve their goals and agreed to a treaty that temporarily allowed Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem, but the crusade did not establish lasting Christian control in the region.