Fernando VII

Fernando VII was the King of Spain in the early 19th century, known for his tumultuous reign marked by political instability. He initially ruled from 1808 until 1813, then was deposed during the Napoleonic Wars, but regained the throne in 1814. His rule was characterized by efforts to restore absolute monarchy and suppress liberal ideas, leading to conflicts like the Spanish-American Wars of Independence. His leadership is often associated with reactionary policies and repression of reform movements, which contributed to significant unrest and the eventual decline of Spain's colonial empire.