Fermentative metabolism

Fermentative metabolism is a biological process where cells convert sugars, like glucose, into energy without using oxygen. During this process, cells break down sugars into simpler molecules, producing energy (ATP) needed for survival. As a result, two common waste products are made: alcohol and carbon dioxide in yeast, or lactic acid in muscle cells. Fermentation allows organisms to generate energy in environments lacking oxygen, although it’s less efficient than aerobic (oxygen-using) processes. This metabolism is essential for things like brewing, baking, and muscle function during intense activity.