Federalist No. 51

Federalist No. 51, written by James Madison, explains how the structure of the U.S. government protects against tyranny. It emphasizes the importance of checks and balances—each branch (legislative, executive, judicial) can limit others’ power, ensuring no single branch dominates. Madison argues that by dividing power and establishing internal controls, the government can safeguard individual rights and preserve liberty. The essay underscores that ambition must counter ambition, and layered protections are essential to maintain a balanced and fair government that serves the people effectively.