Fatimid dynasty

The Fatimid Dynasty was an Islamic caliphate that originated in North Africa in the 10th century and later expanded across parts of the Middle East, including Egypt. They were Shiite Muslims who believed in a specific spiritual leadership lineage and established a powerful, culturally rich state. The Fatimids founded Cairo as their capital and became known for advances in science, architecture, and learning. Their rule lasted until the 12th century, shaping the political and religious landscape of the Islamic world. Their legacy includes impressive architecture like Al-Azhar University and a tradition of intellectual and artistic achievement.