Fatimid Caliphs

The Fatimid Caliphs were Muslim rulers from the Fatimid dynasty, originating in North Africa around the 10th century. They claimed descent from Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad, and established a powerful, Shia-oriented Islamic empire that included parts of North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. The caliphs served both as religious leaders and political leaders, promoting learning, culture, and commerce. Their most famous capital was Cairo, founded in 969 CE. The Fatimid Caliphs played a significant role in shaping Islamic history, trade, and culture, until their decline in the 12th century.