Family and Indirect Estimation Techniques

Family and indirect estimation methods are techniques used to measure things that are hard to observe directly, like income or health status. Family estimation involves gathering information from family members to estimate individual data, assuming they share certain characteristics. Indirect estimation employs related data or statistical models from similar populations to infer values where direct measurement isn’t possible. Both approaches help researchers and policymakers get a clearer picture when direct data collection is difficult, unreliable, or expensive, by making informed estimates based on related or collective information.