Fairclough's three-dimensional model

Fairclough’s three-dimensional model explains how language shapes social meaning through three interconnected levels. First, it's "text"—the actual words and structure used in communication. Second, it's the "discourse practice"—how people produce and interpret these texts, including context and intentions. Third, it's the "social practice"—the wider social and cultural conditions that influence and are reflected in language, such as power dynamics, norms, and institutions. Together, these levels show how language not only reflects existing social realities but can also contribute to changing them.