Fair Games

Fair games are situations where all participants have an equal chance of winning, and the game is designed so no player has an unfair advantage. Mathematically, this means that the expected value—what players can expect to win or lose over time—is zero for each participant. Fairness depends on the rules and probabilities being transparent and unbiased. For example, a game using a fair die, where each side has an equal chance of landing face-up, is considered fair. In essence, fair games ensure that outcomes are based on chance rather than manipulation or bias.