F-layer

The F-layer is a crucial part of the Earth's atmosphere located roughly 150 to 600 miles above the surface. It is a region rich in charged particles (ions and electrons) that can reflect radio waves, especially high-frequency signals. This reflection allows radio communication over long distances, as signals bounce between the Earth's surface and the F-layer, traveling beyond the horizon. The F-layer's density and position vary with the time of day and solar activity, affecting radio signal quality and reach. Overall, it plays a vital role in enabling global radio communication.