Experiments: X-ray Diffraction Techniques

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a technique used to study the internal structure of materials at the atomic level. When X-rays are directed at a sample, they scatter off the atoms, creating a pattern of spots. By analyzing these patterns, scientists can determine how atoms are arranged within the material—whether it's a crystal, mineral, or biological substance. This method helps identify materials and understand their properties, making it essential in chemistry, physics, and materials science for advancing technology and research.