experimental studies

Experimental studies are research methods where scientists test hypotheses by conducting controlled investigations. They manipulate one or more variables (called independent variables) to observe effects on other variables (dependent variables), often using groups for comparison. This approach helps determine cause-and-effect relationships by ensuring that changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable. Experiments are carefully designed to control external factors, making the results reliable and valid. They are commonly used in fields like medicine, psychology, and science to test ideas, evaluate treatments, or understand phenomena.