exotoxins

Exotoxins are toxic proteins produced and secreted by certain bacteria into their surroundings. These toxins can damage or disrupt the function of specific cells or tissues in the human body, leading to illness. Because they are proteins, exotoxins can often be inactivated by boiling. Some well-known exotoxins cause diseases like tetanus, botulism, and diphtheria. Despite their harmful effects, parts of these toxins can be used in vaccines to help the immune system recognize and fight the bacteria. Overall, exotoxins are potent bacterial weapons that contribute significantly to the symptoms and severity of bacterial infections.