Exosystem

The exosystem refers to the external environments and social structures that indirectly influence an individual’s development. These include institutions like workplaces, community organizations, local government, and media. Although a person may not directly participate in or have control over these settings, changes or events within them—such as a new policy, economic shifts, or community programs—can impact their experiences, resources, and opportunities. Essentially, the exosystem shapes the broader context in which a person lives, affecting their environment through indirect channels that influence family dynamics, access to services, and overall well-being.