evolution of flight

The evolution of flight began with creatures like insects developing wings for better movement and survival. Over time, certain vertebrates—like pterosaurs and early birds—adapted their bodies to generate lift through different wing structures. Birds evolved lightweight bones and powerful muscles, enabling precise control and sustained flight. Some mammals, like bats, independently developed winged appendages. These adaptations resulted from natural selection, favoring those better able to find food, escape predators, or migrate. Overall, flight evolved as a series of gradual changes that optimized body structures for lightweight, aerodynamic movement through the air.