European Exploration of the Arctic

European exploration of the Arctic began in the late 15th and 16th centuries, driven by the desire to find new trade routes and expand knowledge of the northern world. Expeditions by explorers like John Cabot, Henry Hudson, and others mapped the icy coastlines, navigated treacherous waters, and sought the Northwest Passage—an imagined shortcut to Asia. This era unveiled the Arctic's harsh environment, abundant wildlife, and vast, icy landscapes, laying the groundwork for future scientific research and territorial claims. European exploration significantly increased understanding of the Arctic's geography, environment, and potential resources.