Essentialism (gender)

Gender essentialism is the belief that gender differences are innate, stemming from biological or natural traits that are fixed and unchangeable. It suggests that men and women have inherently different characteristics, roles, and behaviors because of their biology. This perspective can reinforce stereotypes and limit individuals’ opportunities by assuming that gender determines everything about a person’s abilities and preferences. Critics argue that gender is also shaped by social and cultural influences, and that individuals should have the freedom to define their identities beyond these presumed natural differences.