esophageal variceal hemorrhage

Esophageal variceal hemorrhage is severe bleeding from enlarged veins in the esophagus, often caused by high blood pressure in the liver’s veins (portal hypertension) typically due to liver disease. When these veins become very swollen, they can rupture, leading to sudden and potentially life-threatening bleeding. Symptoms may include vomiting blood, black or bloody stools, and feeling faint. Prompt medical treatment is essential to control the bleeding, which may involve medications, endoscopic procedures, or other interventions to reduce pressure in the veins and prevent recurrence.