esophageal variceal bleeding

Esophageal variceal bleeding occurs when enlarged veins in the esophagus, called varices, rupture and cause significant bleeding. These varices develop when blood flow through the liver is obstructed, often due to liver cirrhosis, causing blood to reroute through smaller, fragile veins in the esophagus. Increased pressure in these veins makes them prone to bursting, which can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage. Symptoms may include vomiting blood, dark stools, or weakness. Immediate medical attention is essential to manage the bleeding, control the pressure in the veins, and prevent further complications.