erythropoietin signaling pathway

The erythropoietin (EPO) signaling pathway regulates red blood cell production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, the kidneys release EPO, which travels to the bone marrow. There, EPO binds to specific receptors on immature red blood cell precursors, activating internal signals that promote their growth and development into mature red blood cells. These new cells then enter the bloodstream, increasing oxygen-carrying capacity. This process helps maintain healthy oxygen levels in the body and responds dynamically to changes in oxygen availability.