ERTMS/ETCS Level 3

ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 is an advanced train control system that uses continuous digital communication between trains and track infrastructure to improve safety and efficiency. Unlike previous levels, it doesn't require dedicated trackside signals or train detection technology along the entire route, as trains automatically share real-time position data. This allows for closer train operation, increased capacity, and smoother management of rail networks. Essentially, Level 3 enhances train supervision by relying on precise, continuous data exchanges, enabling more flexible, safe, and efficient train movement without traditional hardware like track circuits.